| Author | Work | Year | Note |
|---|
| Freud, S. | Totem and Taboo | 1913 | Foundation of the psychoanalysis of guilt |
| Freud, S. | Moses and Monotheism | 1939 | Religion and collective guilt |
| Weber, M. | The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism | 1905 | Guilt and economic behavior |
| Benedict, R. | The Chrysanthemum and the Sword | 1946 | Shame culture vs. guilt culture |
| Dodds, E. R. | The Greeks and the Irrational | 1951 | Antiquity and the sense of guilt |
| Fanon, F. | Black Skin, White Masks | 1952 | Colonial guilt and identity |
| Arendt, H. | Organized Guilt and Universal Responsibility | 1945 | Political guilt |
| Girard, R. | The Scapegoat | 1982 | Mechanism of collective sacrifice |
| Tangney, J., Dearing, R. | Shame and Guilt | 2002 | Empirical study |
| Baumeister, R. et al. | Guilt: An Interpersonal Approach | 1994 | Social nature of guilt |
| Gilbert, P. | Introducing Compassion-Focused Therapy | 2009 | CFT protocols |
| Gilbert, P. | The Compassionate Mind | 2009 | Shame, self-criticism, and compassion |
| Neff, K. | Self-Compassion: Theory, Method, Research and Intervention | 2023 | Annual Review of Psychology |
| van der Kolk, B. | The Body Keeps the Score | 2014 | Trauma and the body |
| Sapolsky, R. | Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers | 1994 | Stress and physiology |
| Source | Study | Year | Key finding |
|---|
| IHME; Rong et al., Br J Psychiatry | GBD 2021 | 2025 | 1990–2021: +88% in depression cases (176 → 332 million) |
| WHO | World Mental Health Report | 2022, 2024 | Stigma as a barrier to treatment |
| Frontiers in Sociology | Collectivism & Depression | 2023 | Shame culture is a strong predictor |
| JAMA (Song H. et al.) | PTSD & Autoimmunity | 2018 | +30–50% risk of autoimmune diseases |
| WestEd | Restorative Justice in Schools | 2019 | −38% student suspensions |
| Russell, A. M. | Cultural influences on suicide in Japan | 2017 | Shame and suicide in Japan |
| Anglin, R. E. et al. | Vitamin D & Depression | 2013 | Weak-to-moderate association (OR≈1.3) |
| Holt-Lunstad, J. et al. | Loneliness & Mortality | 2015 | Loneliness = mortality risk factor |
| Kirby, J. et al. | Meta-analysis of compassion-based interventions | 2017 | CFT is effective for shame and self-criticism |
| Osimo, E. et al. | Inflammation & Depression | 2020 | Inflammatory hypothesis of depression |
| Neff, K. | Self-Compassion: Theory, Method, Research and Intervention | 2023 (Annual Reviews) | Review of 20 years of research |